![]() In this regard, clinicopathological evaluations are not commonly applied in diagnosis in the suspected animals, and serological assays are not sufficiently specific to be of value. However, other clinical symptoms like incoordination, ataxia, head pressing, drowsiness, blindness, and coma commonly lead to the death of the affected animal within several weeks (Abera and Wubit, 2016). Because of the local lesion, the infected animal holds its head to one side and turns in a circle (Oryan et al., 2014). ![]() When the cyst volume increases, the subsequent clinical signs become more evident (Scala and Varcasia, 2006). Notably, chronic coenurosis mostly happens in older animals of more than six months of age (Oryan et al., 2014). It was previously reported that chronic form of cerebral coenurosis is more frequent than the acute form, although both forms are usually fatal (Alemu et al., 2015). The symptoms are strict1y connected with the number of ingested eggs, the immune state of the host, and the localization of the parasites in the CNS (Scala and Varcasia, 2006). These clinical signs are caused by an acute inflammatory response than by mechanical action of the cyst. In acute outbreaks, neurological signs of coenurosis rise with various degrees of muscle tremors, excitability, ataxia, blindness, and nystagmus, which in the majority of cases result in the death of the animal, due to starvation after several days (Abera and Wubit, 2016). The leptomeninges, brain parenchyma, and ventricles are the preferred sites of cysts. The cysts contain clear and watery fluid with hundred of white nodules on its inner surface, measuring a few millimeters in diameter (Varcasia et al., 2013). As a consequence, localized, space-occupying lesions by thin, translucent, and large uni- or multilocular cysts are produced in the central nervous system (CNS Oryan et al., 2014). Coenurosis is present worldwide, mainly in sheep-farming regions of the world causing a disease known as gid (Sturdy), as the infected sheep shows ataxia and circles around its position. Sheep is the usual animal intermediate host, whereas it also has numerous other definitive and intermediate hosts and, occasionally, humans. multiceps and the adult worm inhabits the small intestine of dogs and some other carnivores (Mahadevan et al., 2011). cerebralis) is the metacestode or larval form of the dog tapeworm T. Keywords : Taenia multiceps, Coenurosis, Sheep, Outbreak, Cerebrospinal fluidĬoenurosis is an infectious parasitic disease occurred by the invasion of the brain and spinal cord with Taenia multiceps larvae. Thus, regular chemical-prophylactic protocols of dogs and correct disposal of the infected brain upon slaughtering or death of animals to prevent scavenging by dogs can control it. ![]() This study, as the first report of the epidemic incidence of cerebral coenurosis in sheep from Urmia, Iran, implies a failure of prevention and control measures against a parasitic disease. Dissection of the brain revealed ventricular deformity Coenurus cerebralis with white protoscolices causing the obstruction of the ducts and thus resulting in internal hydrocephalus and lateral ventricles enlargement. Neutrophils were also occasionally observed. The CSF examination showed a mixed population of mononuclear cells with a predominance of small lymphocytes and reduced number of monocytes. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were obtained from the lumbosacral region and were examined grossly and microscopically. Physical and ophthalmoscopic examinations were performed. Affected animals were 5-8 months years-old from the mixed breed and both sex. In spring 2020, several animals were referred from different flocks (10 sheep herds) to the Clinic of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Iran with a history of acute neurological dysfunctions associated with increased mortality. Coenurosis is a neurological parasitic infection of sheep caused by the larval stage of Taenia multiceps. ![]()
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